Mars Regions Noachis Terra
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Noachis Terra

Ground so old it named an entire era of Mars.

Noachis Terra is one of the oldest terrains on Mars, a densely cratered southern highland dating back roughly 4 billion years. It is so ancient and representative that its name defines the Noachian period, the earliest era of Martian geologic time.

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45°S · 10°W · Noachis Terra
Key facts

Noachis Terra at a glance

Type
Ancient southern highland
Center
45° S, 10° W
Age
~4 billion yrs
defines the Noachian
Craters
Extremely dense
heavily bombarded
Between
Hellas & Argyre basins
Record
Early wet Mars
The story

How Noachis Terra came to be

Noachis Terra preserves a surface pockmarked by the heavy bombardment that battered the inner solar system some four billion years ago. Its craters are countless and overlapping, and it lies between two of Mars's great impact basins, Hellas and Argyre, making it a showcase of the planet's violent early history.

Because it formed during Mars's warmer, wetter youth, Noachis holds valley networks and eroded features that hint at ancient running water. As the type region for the Noachian period, it is a benchmark that scientists use to date and understand the oldest chapters of the planet.

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FAQ

Noachis Terra, answered

How old is Noachis Terra?
About 4 billion years — it is one of the oldest surfaces on Mars and gives its name to the Noachian era.
Why are there so many craters?
It formed during the heavy bombardment of the early solar system and has never been resurfaced, so impacts accumulated over billions of years.
What era is named after it?
The Noachian period, the earliest era of Martian geologic time, is named for Noachis Terra.
Is there evidence of ancient water?
Yes — valley networks and eroded features suggest running water when Mars was warmer and wetter.
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